REVIEW: NATIVE
AMERICANS
1565,1607 - 1763: SETTLEMENT AND COLONIAL AMERICA
1)
Jamestown (1607): Powhatan Confederacy, Pocahontas,
Opechancanough
Rebellion (1622), Treaty (1646)
2) Plymouth
(1620): Pokanoket Indians, Treaty with Massasoit
(1621-1675),
Squanto, Thanksgiving (1621)
3) Pequot War (1637):
Connecticut River Valley; English and
Narrangansett allies slaughter most of
the Pequots
4) Miantonomi (1642-43): Narrangansett leader tried to
form Pan-Indian
alliance; unsuccessful, killed.
5) Beaver Wars
(1640's-70's): French, Hurons, Algonquins vs. English and
Iroquois.
Fought for control of the fur trade.
6) King Philip's War
(1675-1678): Metacomet, a Pokanoket, son of
Massasoit, led raids
against the encroachments of white settlers many of
whom were killed.
Metacomet killed in 1676.
7) Delawares (1680's--): Fair treatment
from William Penn
8) Tuscaroras War (1711-12): South
Carolina
9) Yamasee War (1715): South Carolina
10)
French and Indian War (1754-63): Most Indians sided with the
French
except for the Iroquois who supported the
English.
1763 - 1783: REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
11)
Pontiac's Rebellion (1763-1766): Ottawa war chief and his
followers
raided from the Great Lakes through Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Treaty
signed 1766.
12) Proclamation of 1763: Prohibited
white settlement beyond the
Appalachians. Promoted Indian loyalty toward
Britain during the
Revolution.
13) Lord Dunmore's War (1774):
Shawnee fought the Virginia militia.
Result: Kentucky opened to white
settlement, Shawnee retained hunting
and fishing rights.
14)
Revolutionary War (1775-1783): Most Indians supported the English
but
few were involved in the actual fighting.
15) Cherokee Raids
(1776): western borders of Carolinas and Virgina.
Defeated by militia,
ceded most lands to whites in treaty.
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1781 - 1789: GOVERNMENT UNDER THE ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
1789 - 1824: THE NEW NATION
16)
Miami Confederacy (1789-1794): Little Turtle; General
"Mad"
Anthony Wayne victorious in Battle of Fallen Timbers.
Treaty of
Greenville (1795) - Northwest opened to white
settlement.
17) Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806):
Sacagawea served as guide
and interpreter.
18) Tecumseh
and Prophet (1808-1813): Led the Shawnee against the
settlers
in the Indiana Territory. William Henry Harrison destroyed
Tecumseh's
headquarters in the Battle of Tippecanoe Creek (1811).
Tecumseh was
killed in the Battle of the Thames (1813).
19) Civilization Act
(1819): Provided money for the founding of mission
schools.
20)
Bureau of Indian Affairs (1824): Indian agents monopolized
trade.
Economic dependence of the Indians grew. Some attempts at
education
(boarding schools) and Christianizing.
1825 -
1849: AGE OF JACKSON
21) Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
(1831): The Court ruled that the state
could not seize the Cherokee
lands.
22) Worcester v. Georgia (1832): The Court ruled
that the laws of
Georgia had no force within the territorial boundaries of
the Cherokee
Nation. PRESIDENT JACKSON REFUSED TO ENFORCE THE RULING OF THE
SUPREME
COURT.
23) Trail of Tears (1830-1840): The
Removal Act of 1830 provided for
the resettlement of tribes to the west of
the Mississippi River.
24) Black Hawk War (1832): Illinois militia
attacked and killed Indians
attempting to re-settle.
25)
Seminole War (1835-1838): Guerrilla war in the Florida
Everglades
1849 - 1877: SECTIONALISM, CIVIL WAR,
RECONSTRUCTION
26) Destruction of the Buffalo
(1850's-1884)
27) Reservation Policy
(1860's-80's)
28) Sioux War (1876-77): Sitting
Bull and Crazy Horse were leaders.
June 25, 1876 Custer defeated
at Little Big Horn (Montana)
29) Nez Perces (1877):
Unsuccessful resistance under Chief Joseph -
"I will fight no more
forever" speech.
30) Apaches (1870's-80's): Led by
Geronimo
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1877 - 1901: BIG BUSINESS, INDUSTRY, LABOR, FARMERS,
REFORM
31) Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Dissolved
community-owned tribal lands
and granted land allotments to individual
families.
32) Sioux Ghost Dance Movement (1890)
33)
Wounded Knee Creek Massacre (1890): 200 Sioux men, women, and
children killed by U.S. army troops.
1901 - 1913:
PROGRESSIVE ERA
34) Society of American Indians (1911-early
1920's): Unsuccessful attempt
by Progressives to unify Indians to seek
better education, civil rights
and health care.
1913 - 1921:
WILSON AND WORLD WAR I
1921 - 1939: BOOM AND BUST AND A NEW
DEAL
35) Hoover Administration (1929-1933): Bureau
of Indian Affairs
reorganized and expenditures for health, education, welfare
increased.
36) Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act
(1934): Restored lands
to tribal ownership. Attempt to preserve
Indian culture and religion.
John Collier appointed commissioner of Indian
Affairs.
1939 - 1945: WORLD WAR II
1945 -
1989+: COLD WAR AND AFTER
37) Termination Policy
(1953-1960's):Liquidation of Indian reservations
38) Indian
Bill of Rights (1968): Extended constitutional protections to
reservation
Indians living under tribal self-government