REVIEW: NATIVE AMERICANS


1565,1607 - 1763: SETTLEMENT AND COLONIAL AMERICA

1) Jamestown (1607): Powhatan Confederacy, Pocahontas, Opechancanough
Rebellion (1622), Treaty (1646)

2) Plymouth (1620): Pokanoket Indians, Treaty with Massasoit
(1621-1675), Squanto, Thanksgiving (1621)

3) Pequot War (1637): Connecticut River Valley; English and
Narrangansett allies slaughter most of the Pequots

4) Miantonomi (1642-43): Narrangansett leader tried to form Pan-Indian
alliance; unsuccessful, killed.

5) Beaver Wars (1640's-70's): French, Hurons, Algonquins vs. English and
Iroquois. Fought for control of the fur trade.

6) King Philip's War (1675-1678): Metacomet, a Pokanoket, son of
Massasoit, led raids against the encroachments of white settlers many of
whom were killed. Metacomet killed in 1676.

7) Delawares (1680's--): Fair treatment from William Penn

8) Tuscaroras War (1711-12): South Carolina

9) Yamasee War (1715): South Carolina

10) French and Indian War (1754-63): Most Indians sided with the French
except for the Iroquois who supported the English.


1763 - 1783: REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

11) Pontiac's Rebellion (1763-1766): Ottawa war chief and his followers
raided from the Great Lakes through Pennsylvania and Virginia. Treaty
signed 1766.

12) Proclamation of 1763: Prohibited white settlement beyond the
Appalachians. Promoted Indian loyalty toward Britain during the
Revolution.

13) Lord Dunmore's War (1774): Shawnee fought the Virginia militia.
Result: Kentucky opened to white settlement, Shawnee retained hunting
and fishing rights.

14) Revolutionary War (1775-1783): Most Indians supported the English but
few were involved in the actual fighting.

15) Cherokee Raids (1776): western borders of Carolinas and Virgina.
Defeated by militia, ceded most lands to whites in treaty.

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1781 - 1789: GOVERNMENT UNDER THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
1789 - 1824: THE NEW NATION

16) Miami Confederacy (1789-1794): Little Turtle; General "Mad"
Anthony Wayne victorious in Battle of Fallen Timbers. Treaty of
Greenville (1795) - Northwest opened to white settlement.

17) Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806): Sacagawea served as guide
and interpreter.

18) Tecumseh and Prophet (1808-1813): Led the Shawnee against the
settlers in the Indiana Territory. William Henry Harrison destroyed
Tecumseh's headquarters in the Battle of Tippecanoe Creek (1811).
Tecumseh was killed in the Battle of the Thames (1813).

19) Civilization Act (1819): Provided money for the founding of mission
schools.

20) Bureau of Indian Affairs (1824): Indian agents monopolized trade.
Economic dependence of the Indians grew. Some attempts at education
(boarding schools) and Christianizing.


1825 - 1849: AGE OF JACKSON

21) Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831): The Court ruled that the state
could not seize the Cherokee lands.

22) Worcester v. Georgia (1832): The Court ruled that the laws of
Georgia had no force within the territorial boundaries of the Cherokee
Nation. PRESIDENT JACKSON REFUSED TO ENFORCE THE RULING OF THE SUPREME
COURT.

23) Trail of Tears (1830-1840): The Removal Act of 1830 provided for
the resettlement of tribes to the west of the Mississippi River.

24) Black Hawk War (1832): Illinois militia attacked and killed Indians
attempting to re-settle.

25) Seminole War (1835-1838): Guerrilla war in the Florida Everglades


1849 - 1877: SECTIONALISM, CIVIL WAR, RECONSTRUCTION

26) Destruction of the Buffalo (1850's-1884)

27) Reservation Policy (1860's-80's)

28) Sioux War (1876-77): Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse were leaders.
June 25, 1876 Custer defeated at Little Big Horn (Montana)

29) Nez Perces (1877): Unsuccessful resistance under Chief Joseph -
"I will fight no more forever" speech.

30) Apaches (1870's-80's): Led by Geronimo

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1877 - 1901: BIG BUSINESS, INDUSTRY, LABOR, FARMERS, REFORM

31) Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Dissolved community-owned tribal lands
and granted land allotments to individual families.

32) Sioux Ghost Dance Movement (1890)

33) Wounded Knee Creek Massacre (1890): 200 Sioux men, women, and
children killed by U.S. army troops.


1901 - 1913: PROGRESSIVE ERA

34) Society of American Indians (1911-early 1920's): Unsuccessful attempt
by Progressives to unify Indians to seek better education, civil rights
and health care.


1913 - 1921: WILSON AND WORLD WAR I
1921 - 1939: BOOM AND BUST AND A NEW DEAL

35) Hoover Administration (1929-1933): Bureau of Indian Affairs
reorganized and expenditures for health, education, welfare increased.

36) Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act (1934): Restored lands
to tribal ownership. Attempt to preserve Indian culture and religion.
John Collier appointed commissioner of Indian Affairs.


1939 - 1945: WORLD WAR II
1945 - 1989+: COLD WAR AND AFTER

37) Termination Policy (1953-1960's):Liquidation of Indian reservations

38) Indian Bill of Rights (1968): Extended constitutional protections to
reservation Indians living under tribal self-government